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Hanson and Oakman’s award-winning and illuminating Palestine in the Time of Jesus has become a widely used and cited introduction to the social context of the early Jesus movement. Along with an overview of the ancient Mediterranean worldview, it explores major domains and institutions of Roman Palestine: kinship, politics, economy, and religion.

This prompts the audience to interpret “son of Abraham” in terms of “son of David,” in other words, to interpret Abraham in royal terms. Two passages are relevant here. In the *Septuagint’s rendering of Gen 23:6*, the Hittites say to Abraham, “You are a king from God among us.” In the Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs (in the Pseudepigrapha), Levi is promised that a Judean king will arise to create a new priesthood, and that king will be a descendant of Abraham (T. Levi 8:14–15). The relevance
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